Vaccines are used to prevent diseases outbreak when the flock is exposed to field diseases organisms from time to time.

When vaccine is administered to animals, it helps to produce adequate antibodies against the disease, which will prepare the immune system of the animal to easily fight the disease when expose to it.

Vaccine failure occurs when chicken do not develop adequate antibody titre level or are susceptible to a field disease outbreak following vaccine administration.

Causes of Vaccine Failure

• Stress: stress can reduce the chicken’s ability to mount an immune response, chicken should not be vaccinated during stress period or when sick.

• Handling/Administration: live vaccine may be inactivated due to improper storage, store and handle vaccine as recommended by the manufacturer, most vaccine lose their potency in warm condition.

• Poor distribution: live vaccine administered by water or sprayed may result to some chicken been missed. It is advisable to starve birds of water for some hours before giving them vaccine, this will make all of them to drink the vaccine water in the short time of introduction.

Note: vaccinated water should not stay more than an hour.

• Chicken May already be incubating the disease at the time of vaccine administration, that is why it’s necessary to vaccinate your bird at the appropriate time.

• The presence of chemical like chlorine in the water used for administration of the vaccine can damage or reduce the potency of the vaccine. You can maintain the water stability by adding milk to the water

• vaccine failure may also happen when the vaccine administered did not contain the proper strain or stereotype of organism required to stimulate protective immunity. Although the vaccine is administered properly, but if the birds is exposed to different strain of the disease, the birds will break down with the disease.

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